PROGRAM - BBA
SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BBA401- E-COMMERCE
1. a. Amazon is the world's
online marketplace® for all the
books, enabling trade on a local,
national and international basis.
With a diverse
and passionate community
of individuals and small
businesses, Amazon offers an online platform where millions of items are
traded each day.
Mention and explain
the various opportunities
offered by ecommerce for
businesses.
b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of eCommerce?
1 (a.) E-Commerce Opportunities for Businesses
Many businesses need
e-commerce software services to help take advantageof e-commerce areas.
1. Tourism and Travel
Sector:This sector has updated its system with ecommerce services. Consumers
can make online reservations of hotels, motels, air tickets, railway tickets,
etc.
2. Banking Sector:Most
banks have changed their working style by making their services available
online through their respective websites.
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1 (b.) Advantages of E-Commerce
1. All-time
processing:Customers can use the marketplace at all times with the use of
e-commerce services.
2. Better
service:Customers are fully satisfied and receive better service.
3. No mediators:
Customers can directly contact the suppliers and remove all mediators.
4. Data on
consumer performance: Using the e-commerce services, one can understand
consumer behaviour, for example, websites, products, schemes and modes of
payment which are preferred by the CONTACT US FOR READY MADE SOLVED
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2. a. The TCP/IP reference model is the
network model used in the current Internet architecture. This model is
derived from the OSI model and they are relatively same in nature.
Explain the different
characteristics of Gateways
in the TCP/IP reference model with a neat diagram
b. Write short note on Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) with example
2. a. Characteristics of Gateways
• Gateway routers are
used to connect dissimilar LANs and perform all the functions of bridges and
routers. It operates as all seven layers
of the OSI Reference Model.
• Gateways provide full protocol
conversion from one
proprietary LAN technology to another.
• Gateway uses higher layers
of the OSI model, perhaps through layer 7, the application layer.
Figure
: TCP/IP Reference Model for Communication
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b. Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
HTML is a method where
ordinary text can be converted into hypertext. It is a set of special codes
included to control the layout and appearance of the text. Technically, HTML is
not a programming language. It combines instruction within data to tell a
display program called browser, how to render the data that the document
contains.
The following is the
structure of HTML:
<html>
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3. Hanson websites are built to work for your business and are built on
the concept of intelligent website. An
intelligent website is more than just a brochure on the web. It allows
you to edit the website yourself through a Content Management System (CMS).
What is the need for an intelligent website?
Consider the following
steps that e-commerce companies typically follow in leveraging their
information.
Step 1: Basic Web traffic analysis
Before starting any Web
activity , one first needs to analyse the Web traffic. This type of data provides a record of the
entry and exit points into a website, pages that were visited, links that were
followed, the duration for which a person viewed a particular page, the precise
day and time of visit, the browser type, visitor’s IP address and other
information.
Step 2: Customer interaction analysis
This step
is used to collect more information about the customer’s interactions with the
website. The registered users are people who have had to register for site
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4. When a data is sent across the
network it is encrypted and arranged in a way that even if there is a diversion
in the flow of data should not leak the data. At the reception it is decrypted
and actual data is obtained. Explain the different methods of encryption
technique.
Methods of Encryption
There are three types
of cryptography or methods of encryption:
• Secret key or private
key or symmetric key cryptography
• Public key or
asymmetric key cryptography
• Hash function
1. Secret key or symmetic key cryptography
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5. Explain the different
categories of electronic payment system in detail.
Electronic
Payment Systems are becoming central to e-commerce as companies look for ways
to serve customers faster and at a lower cost. EPS is being used nowadays in
banking, retail, health care, online markets, and even in government transactions.
Looking back it can be said that research in electronic payment (e-payment)
systems can be traced back to the 1940s. However, it was only in the late 1970s
that the first applications and credit cards materialized. In the beginning,
this upcoming electronic payment system was known as electronic funds transfer
(EFT). It was defined as: ‘Any transfer of funds CONTACT US FOR READY
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6. We know that there are
various internet services which help us to make the use of network efficiently.
Being a regular user of the various services without probably knowing the
technical aspects explain those services in details with an example.
Services that are
available on the Net are as follows:
• World Wide Web
• E-mail
• File Transfer
Protocol
• T elnet
• Web Chat
• Online Service
• Instant Messaging
1. World Wide Web
According to Wikipedia,
the World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via
the Internet. Y ou can use a Web browser
to view texts, images, videos and multimedia on web pages and navigate between
them using hyperlinks.
2. Electronic Mail
Electronic
mail—or e-mail—has been around from even before the Internet. Wikipedia
explains that e-mail is any method of digitally creating, transmitting or
storing human communication that is primarily CONTACT US FOR READY
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SEMESTER 4
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BBA 402 & MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
1. Explain the importance of
Management Accounting and Need of Management Accounting.
1. Importance
Management accounting
is very helpful
to management in
every field of activity.
It assists the
management in the
performance of the
various managerial functions of
planning, controlling, co-coordinating, organising, motivating and
communicating. Its importance
may be summarised
under
the following heads:
·
Increases efficiency –
Management accounting encourages efficiency in business operations. The
targets of different departments are fixed in advance and achievement of target
forms a yardstick for measuring their efficiency.
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2. Explain the various steps in
Budgetary Control. Advantages of Budgetary Control.
Steps in Budgetary Control
The various steps
included in the budgetary control system are:
1. Determination
of organisational objectives
– Budget is
a tool for implementing the
organisational objectives and
policies. Hence, it is
essential to determine
organisational objectives before
starting to prepare budgets.
2.
Determination of key factors – The performance of every organisation will be
particularly influenced by certain critical factors called key factors or
limiting factors. They limit the volume of output and will have direct impact
on the profitability of the organisation. Key factors may consist of a
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3. What is absorption costing?
Explain the features of absorption costing. Write the differences between
absorption and marginal costing.
Absorption costing
Absorption costing is a
technique or practice of ascertaining the cost per unit of goods produced or
service rendered. Absorption costing is the practice of charging all
costs, both fixed
and variable to
operations, process or products. In marginal costing, only
variable costs are charged to production. The Institute of Cost and Management
Accountants (UK) defines absorption costing
as, "the practice
ofcharging all costs,
both variable and
fixed to operations, processes or
products." This explains why this technique is also called full
costing. Administrative, selling
and distribution overheads
as much form part of total cost as prime cost and factory burden.
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4. Explain the three types of
financing in working capital.
Raw material: Rs.80 per unit, labour: Rs.30 per unit; overheads: Rs.60
per unit, selling price/unit
Rs.200: raw materials:
one month, work in
progress: 15 days, finished
goods: 1month; creditors: 1month;
debtors: two months, Wages: 45
days; overheads: 1 month;
¼ of production
is sold in
cash. Desired cash balance
is Rs.3,65,000. Production
per annum is
1,04,000 units. Estimate
the working capital.
Financing of Working Capital
From the concept point of view, the term working capital can be used
as:
·
Gross
working capital –
The gross working
capital refers to investments in all the current assets
taken together. The total investment in all current assets is the gross working
capital.
·
Net working capital – This refers to excess of total current assets
over total current liabilities.
·
Zero working capital – This
refers to inventory plus receivables minus payables.
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5. Use the following information
to prepare:
·
A schedule
of changes in working capital.
·
A funds
flow statement of Sahana & Co.
Balance Sheet of Sahana & Co.
|
Liabilities
|
31.03.2010
|
31.03.2011
|
Assets
|
31.03.2010
|
31.03.2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital
|
1,85,000
|
2,10,000
|
Goodwill (at cost)
|
60,000
|
60,000
|
|
|
P&L
|
|
|
Land and building
|
1,85000
|
2,20,000
|
|
|
account
|
1,47,800
|
1,76400
|
Plant and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Bank loan
|
1,20,000
|
90,000
|
machinery
|
47,400
|
52,400
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Bills
|
|
|
Furniture
|
19,400
|
19,400
|
|
|
payable
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
40,000
|
68,000
|
Inventory
|
82,600
|
72,400
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Sundry
|
|
|
||||
|
1,40,000
|
1,22,000
|
Sundry Debtors
|
1,20,000
|
1,28,000
|
|
|
|
Creditors
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
Bills
Receivable
|
80,000
|
72,100
|
|
|
|
Provision
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
20,000
|
18,000
|
Bank
|
50,000
|
48,300
|
|
|
|
for taxation
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,400
|
11,800
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,52,800
|
6,84,400
|
|
6,52,800
|
6,84,400
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Schedule of changes in working capital
Fund flow statement of Sahana & Co
Answer:
Statement
of changes in working capital from 01.04.2010 to 31.03.2011.
Statement
of Changes
|
Particulars
|
Previous
|
Current
|
Working
capital change
|
|
||||||||
|
|
period
|
period
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
Increase
|
Decrease
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Current
assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Inventory
|
82,600
|
72,400
|
|
10,200
|
|
|||||||
|
Sundry
debtors
|
1,20,000
|
1,28,000
|
8,000
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Bills
receivable
|
80,000
|
72,100
|
|
7,900
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Bank
|
|
50,000
|
48,300
|
|
|
|
1,700
|
|
|
|||
|
Cash
|
|
|
8,400
|
11,800
|
|
3,400
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
3,41,000
|
3,32,600
|
|
11,400
|
19,800
|
|
|
||||
|
Current
liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Bills
payable
|
|
40,000
|
68,000
|
|
|
|
28,000
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Sundry
creditors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
1,40,000
|
1,22,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Provision
for taxation
|
|
|
18,000
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
20,000
|
18,000
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
2,00,000
|
2,08,000
|
|
31,400
|
47,800
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Working capital (A-B) 1,41,000
|
1,24,600
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Changes in working capital
|
(1,24,600-1,41,000)
or
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
(31,400-47,800)
|
|
|
|
–16,400
|
|
||||
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6. Give the meaning of dividend
policy. Explain the significance of dividend decision and types of dividend
policy.
Meaning of Dividend policy
Dividend policy is the
policy drafted by companies regarding the amount to be paid
to shareholders in the form
of dividends. Companies
can utilise profits gainfully
using the following two options:
·
Retain profits within the company.
·
Pay profits to shareholders as dividends.
Based on these two options,
companies frame a permanent dividend policy. The company usually decides the
dividend policy based on its current and future
financial positions. Based
on the dividend
policy adopted by the
company, investors and
the financial market
come forward to
make
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SEMESTER 4
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BBA 403 - International
marketing
1. Explain the meaning, need and
significance of international marketing.
Definition:
“International marketing is
defined as the
performance of business
activities designed to plan, price, promote and direct the flow of a company’s goods
and services to
customers or users,
in more than
one nation, for a profit”. – Philip
R Cateora
Applying marketing
principles to more
than one country
is referred to as
international marketing. Yet, there can
be a crossover between international marketing, which is a common CONTACT
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2. What are the elements of culture? Explain.
Elements of Culture
Broadly, culture constitutes
five elements called the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs and thought
processes as referred in the foregoing paragraphs. Each of these five elements
of culture is of extreme significance to international marketer in
the context of
sales promotion. Hence
it is desired
of an international marketer
to understand each
element of culture.
These elements are naturally
impacted by geography,
history, technology and
political economy,
besides social institutions
of individual nations.
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3. Assessing political environment plays an important role in taking
business decisions. Discuss this statement. What risks could arise due to
political environment?
Assessing the
political environment always
plays a very
important role in arriving
at any business
decision. Foreign firm operations
are drastically affected due
to certain laws
and regulations directed
by local, regional and/or central government.
Further, assessing the
political situation and climate of the home country is much easier compared to
the one in a country where the business
is yet to start.
It is very
important to note that political risks
are non-commercial risks. This is
very true, if
the changes on
the political front
are of a
trivial nature. Political risks
may be defined as any changes in the political environment that may adversely
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4. Explain the meaning and need of
secondary research in international marketing.
Meaning
As the name indicates,
secondary data is the data collected by somebody earlier for their use.
Secondary research
is carried out
first. This research
is conducted by collecting data from the following
sources:
a) A
firm’s database covering
its P&L account,
inventory levels, visit reports
from the sales
team and previous
market research reports,
if any.
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5. What is the mode of entry
adopted by McDonalds? Discuss the various modes of entry in international
business.
Mode of entry by McDonalds
McDonalds adopted
Franchising as mode of entry to international business.
In franchising, a contractual agreement is set up in which an organisation (franchiser) trades
the right to
use its intellectual
property (patents, brand names, copyrights,
company name, technology,
work methods and trademarks) to another organisation (the
franchisee) for a particular fee. The franchiser assists and/or exercises a
significant amount of control over the way the franchisee functions.
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6. Write short notes on:
a) Product diversification
b) Product customization
a) Product Diversification
Product diversification is
a conscious activity
undertaken by business firms where
new products are added to the existing portfolio of product/s to exploit the
additional sales opportunities available in the market.
The diversification of
a product is a
competitive strategy to retainexisting customers and attract new customers
and additional markets.
The International Marketer
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b) Product Customization
A product
is the focal element of the marketing mix. In case of international marketing
product decision-making often involves adopting standardization or adaptation
of the product. We have an option to market the same product manufactured in our country
in an international
market or segment.
Then there is the
second and somewhat
better option to
localize it to
meet the requirements of the host
country consumers and modify it so that it pleases their tastes
and preferences. A
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SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BBA404-Small Business
Management
1. Write short notes on the
following:
a) Various forms of organisation
b) Competitive strategies
a) Various forms of organisation
Small business may
operate under any one of several forms of organisation. These are:
1) Sole proprietorship
Here the
owner and manager
is the same
person, who will
have the responsibility of taking care of each and every aspect of the
business. This is a common business structure. With this structure, operation
is easy and devoid of any authoritative control. Managerial flexibility is much
more in this form and legal
obligations are lesser
when compared to
other forms of business.
But in case of any liabilities, owner will have to take the complete
responsibility.
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b) Competitive strategies
“A company’s
competitive strategy consists
of business approaches
and initiatives it undertakes
to attract customers
and fulfil their
expectations”: Thompson and Strickland.
It aims to appeal to
customers in ways to set apart the enterprise from rivals and to carve out its
own market position. Developing the irresistible element
that draws customers to
its products or services will produce the competitive edge.
Michael Porter has
described three general
types of strategies
that are commonly used
by businesses to
achieve and maintain competitive advantage. They are:
1. Cost Leadership.
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2. What is meant by working capital? Explain the various sources of
working capital.
Working capital
Working capital is
defined as the capital required for the working or running of an organisation.
There are two concepts of working capital:
a) Gross working capital which is the sum of all
current assets.
b) Net working capital, which is the difference between current assets and current
liabilities.
Sources of Working Capital :
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3. Describe the following:
(a) Capacity management
(b) Managerial activities
(a) Capacity management
Capacity refers to the
output the plant can produce in a time period. Building capacity in excess of
demand requirement will result in blocking up of funds in idle capacity. Too
short a capacity will force the business to forego orders resulting in customer
dissatisfaction. Consequently, it will sap the morale of the marketing staff. It
is imperative that the right balance is struck between production
capacity and market demand. Hence a
major issue is to decide on the optimum production capacity.
In order to
optimise production capacity, a good planning strategy not only for the
short term but
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(b) Managerial activities
Four managerial
activities are as below:
1. Traditional
management: This activity
comprises planning, controlling and decision-making. The observed
behaviours associated with it are to set
goals and objectives,
define tasks which
are needed to
achieve goals, schedule employees,
assign tasks, provide
routine instructions, define problems, handle
day-to-day operational crises,
decide what to do, develop
new procedures, inspect
work, walk around
inspecting the work,
monitor performance data and do preventive maintenance.
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SEMESTER - 4
SUBJECT CODE & NAME BBA405: RETAIL MANAGEMENT
1. Explain different types of Retail formats.
Retail formats and types
Retail industry
is continuously going
through changes on
account of liberalisation, globalisation
and consumer preferences.
While multinational retail chains
are looking for
new markets, manufacturers
are identifying, redefining and
evolving new retail
formats. Retailers can
be classified by retail store strategy mix, which is an
integrated combination of time, location, assortment, service, advertising and
prices, etc. The various categories are grouped under two
main headings:
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2. Explain retail marketing mix.
Retail marketing
The role
of marketing in
retail organisation is
two-fold—the first role
is informing the consumer that they exist and the second role is enabling it to get
closer to the end consumer.
Retail marketing
is comprised of the activities
related to selling
products directly to consumers
through channels, such
as stores, malls,
kiosks, vending machines or other fixed locations. The successful
implementation of the components of the traditional marketing mix (product,
place, price and promotion) is essential for success in retail marketing. The
savvy marketer must have a thorough CONTACT
US FOR READY MADE SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS
CONTACT
NUMBER : +91 - 8285115522
EMAIL ID : SMUDOC@GMAIL.COM
3. What are the elements of store design? Explain each in detail.
Elements of store design
The store
design tells a
customer what the
store is all
about. It is
very important for communicating and creating an image of the store in the minds of the
customer. It is the creation of this image that is the starting point of all
marketing efforts. This
creation of image
is possible only
when the merchandise, sales
personnel, and the
location – all
these work together with the elements of store
design. These elements of store design are as follows:
·
Store marquee.
·
Store front.
·
Atmospherics and aesthetics.
·
Store layout.
·
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ASSIGNMENTS
·
CONTACT NUMBER : +91 - 8285115522
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