PROGRAM - BBA
SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BBA401- E-COMMERCE
1. a. Amazon is the world's online marketplace® for
all the books, enabling trade on a
local, national and
international basis. With
a diverse and
passionate community of individuals
and small businesses,
Amazon offers an
online platform where millions of items are traded each day. Mention and
explain the various opportunities offered by ecommerce for businesses.
b. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of eCommerce?
1 (a.) E-Commerce Opportunities for Businesses
Many businesses need
e-commerce software services to help take advantageof e-commerce areas.
1. Tourism and Travel
Sector:This sector has updated its system with ecommerce services. Consumers
can make online reservations of hotels, motels, air tickets, railway tickets,
etc.
2. Banking Sector:Most
banks have changed their working style by making their services available
online through their respective websites.
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1 (b.) Advantages of E-Commerce
1. All-time
processing:Customers can use the marketplace at all times with the use of
e-commerce services.
2. Better
service:Customers are fully satisfied and receive better service.
3. No mediators:
Customers can directly contact the suppliers and remove all mediators.
4. Data
on consumer performance: Using the e-commerce services, one can understand
consumer behaviour, for example, websites, products, schemes and modes of
payment which are preferred by the
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2. a. The TCP/IP reference model is the
network model used in the current Internet architecture. This model is
derived from the OSI model and they are relatively same in nature.
Explain the different
characteristics of Gateways
in the TCP/IP reference model.
b. Write short note on Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) with example
2. a. Characteristics of Gateways
• Gateway routers are
used to connect dissimilar LANs and perform all the functions of bridges and
routers. It operates as all seven layers
of the OSI Reference Model.
• Gateways provide full protocol
conversion from one
proprietary LAN technology to another.
• Gateway
uses higher layers of the OSI model, perhaps through layer 7, the application
layer.
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b. Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
HTML is a method where
ordinary text can be converted into hypertext. It is a set of special codes
included to control the layout and appearance of the text. Technically, HTML is
not a programming language. It combines instruction within data to tell a
display program called browser, how to render the data that the document
contains.
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3. Hanson websites are built to work for your business and are built on
the concept of intelligent website. An
intelligent website is more than just a brochure on the web. It allows
you to edit the website yourself through a Content Management System (CMS).
What is the need for an intelligent website?
Consider the following
steps that e-commerce companies typically follow in leveraging their
information.
Step 1: Basic Web traffic analysis
Before starting any Web
activity , one first needs to analyse the Web traffic. This type of data provides a record of the
entry and exit points into a website, pages that were visited, links that were
followed, the duration for which a person viewed a particular page, the precise
day and time of visit, the browser type, visitor’s IP address and other
information.
Step 2: Customer interaction analysis
This step
is used to collect more information about the customer’s interactions with the
website. The registered users are people who have had to register for site
usage, generally by filling out a survey form.
As you know, in any site (even a free site) the user has to fill a
registration form in which there are
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4. When a data is sent across the
network it is encrypted and arranged in a way that even if there is a diversion
in the flow of data should not leak the data. At the reception it is decrypted
and actual data is obtained. Explain the different methods of encryption
technique.
Methods of Encryption
There are three types
of cryptography or methods of encryption:
• Secret key or private
key or symmetric key cryptography
• Public key or
asymmetric key cryptography
• Hash function
1. Secret key or symmetic key cryptography
In this
scheme, both the sender and the recipient possess the same key to encrypt and
decrypt the data. Figure (a) shows how
secret or private key cryptography works.
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5. Explain the different
categories of electronic payment system in detail.
Electronic
Payment Systems are becoming central to e-commerce as companies look for ways
to serve customers faster and at a lower cost. EPS is being used nowadays in
banking, retail, health care, online markets, and even in government transactions.
Looking back it can be said that research in electronic payment (e-payment)
systems can be traced back to the 1940s. However, it was only in the late 1970s
that the first applications and credit cards materialized. In the beginning,
this upcoming electronic
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6. We know that there are
various internet services which help us to make the use of network efficiently.
Being a regular user of the various services without probably knowing the
technical aspects explain those services in details with an example.
Services that are
available on the Net are as follows:
• World Wide Web
• E-mail
• File Transfer
Protocol
• T elnet
• Web Chat
• Online Service
• Instant Messaging
1. World Wide Web
According to Wikipedia,
the World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via
the Internet. Y ou can use a Web browser
to view texts, images, videos and multimedia on web pages and navigate between
them using hyperlinks.
2. Electronic Mail
Electronic
mail—or e-mail—has been around from even before the Internet. Wikipedia
explains that e-mail is any method of digitally creating, transmitting or
storing human communication that is primarily
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PROGRAM - BBA
SEMESTER 4
SUBJECT CODE &
NAME - BBA 402 & - MANAGEMENT
ACCOUNTING
1. Management accounting is
sensitive to management needs; however, it assists the management and does not
replace it. Write down in detail the scope of management accounting.
Answer:
Management accounting
is sensitive to
management needs; however,
it assists the management and
does not replace it. It acts as a service phase
to the management
that provides highly
personalised services instead
of acting as
a service to
management from the
management accountant. In
other words, management
accounting serves as a management information system, thereby helping the management to
better manage its business. The main concern of management accounting is to
provide the necessary information to
the management for
the efficient discharge
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2. From the following
balance sheets of
Dramas Ltd., compute
the trend percentages using 31st December 2005 as the
base year.
|
Assets & Liabilities
|
Amount
|
||
|
Liabilities:
|
2005
|
2006
|
2007
|
|
Share capital
|
2,00,000
|
2,50,000
|
3,00,000
|
|
Reserves
|
1,00,000
|
1,50,000
|
1,50,000
|
|
Loans
|
2,00,000
|
1,00,000
|
50,000
|
|
Creditors
|
3,00,000
|
4,00,000
|
2,00,000
|
|
TOTAL
|
8,00,000
|
9,00,000
|
7,00,000
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
Buildings
|
2,00,000
|
2,50,000
|
3,00,000
|
|
Plant
|
2,00,000
|
2,50,000
|
1,00,000
|
|
Stock
|
2,50,000
|
2,50,000
|
1,50,000
|
|
Debtors
|
1,00,000
|
1,00,000
|
1,00,000
|
|
Cash at Bank
|
50,000
|
50,000
|
50,000
|
|
TOTAL
|
8,00,000
|
9,00,000
|
7,00,000
|
Answer:
Trend percentages
Balance sheet as on 31 December 2005 to 2007
|
Assets & Liabilities
|
Amount
|
Percentage
|
||||
|
Liabilities:
|
2005
|
2006
|
2007
|
2005
|
2006
|
2007
|
|
Share capital
|
2,00,000
|
2,50,000
|
3,00,000
|
100
|
125
|
150
|
|
Reserves
|
1,00,000
|
1,50,000
|
1,50,000
|
100
|
150
|
150
|
|
Loans
|
2,00,000
|
1,00,000
|
50,000
|
100
|
50
|
25
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Creditors
|
3,00,000
|
4,00,000
|
2,00,000
|
100
|
133.33
|
66.66
|
|
TOTAL
|
8,00,000
|
9,00,000
|
7,00,000
|
|
|
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buildings
|
2,00,000
|
2,50,000
|
3,00,000
|
100
|
125
|
150
|
|
Plant
|
2,00,000
|
2,50,000
|
1,00,000
|
100
|
125
|
50
|
|
Current Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock
|
2,50,000
|
2,50,000
|
1,50,000
|
100
|
100
|
60
|
|
Debtors
|
1,00,000
|
1,00,000
|
1,00,000
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
|
Cash at Bank
|
50,000
|
50,000
|
50,000
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
|
TOTAL
|
8,00,000
|
9,00,000
|
7,00,000
|
|
|
|
Conclusions drawn from the trend analysis of the balance sheets:
• The
capital of the concern
has been increasing
over the years. It
is a healthy trend.
• The
reserves of the
concern have increased
in the second
year, and remained intact
in the third
year. This also
indicates the improved financial position of the concern.
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3. Working capital requirement
is determined by a wide
variety of factors.
Elaborate those factors and explain all of them.
Answer:
A firm should plan its
operations in such a way that it should have neither too much nor too little
working capital. The total working capital requirement is determined
by a wide
variety of factors.
These factors, however,
affect different enterprises differently. They also vary from time to
time. In general, the following factors
are involved in a proper assessment of the quantum of working capital required.
• Nature
of business – The shorter the manufacturing process, the lower is the requirement for the working capital. This is because, in such a
case, inventories have
to be maintained
at a low
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4. Variance analysis is a tool for
measuring performance and depends on the principle of management by exception.
Explain the uses of variance. From the following information, calculate sales
margin price variance and sales margin volume variance.
Uses of variances
The uses of variances
are as follows:
·
Comparison
of actual cost
with standard cost
reveals the efficiency
or inefficiency of performance. The inefficiency or unfavourable
variance is analysed and immediate
action is taken.
Thus, variance is
like a barometer.
·
It is a tool of cost control and cost reduction.
·
It helps management apply the principle of
management by exception.
·
It helps management to maximise profits by
analysing the variances into controllable
and uncontrollable; controllable
variances are further analysed to bring about cost
reduction, and indirectly more profit.
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5. Explain the various steps in Budgetary Control. Advantages of
Budgetary Control.
Steps in Budgetary Control
The various steps
included in the budgetary control system are:
1. Determination
of organisational objectives
– Budget is
a tool for implementing the
organisational objectives and
policies. Hence, it is
essential to determine
organisational objectives before
starting to prepare budgets.
2.
Determination of key factors – The performance of every organisation will be
particularly influenced by certain critical factors called key factors or
limiting factors. They limit the volume of output and will
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6. Use the following information to prepare:
• A schedule of changes in
working capital.
• A funds flow statement
of Sahana & Co.
Balance Sheet of Sahana & Co.
|
Liabilities
|
31.03.2010
|
31.03.2011
|
Assets
|
31.03.2010
|
31.03.2011
|
|
Capital
|
1,85,000
|
2,10,000
|
Goodwill (at cost)
|
60,000
|
60,000
|
|
P&L account
|
1,47,800
|
176,400
|
Land and building
|
185,000
|
2,20,000
|
|
Bank loan
|
1,20,000
|
90,000
|
Plant and machinery
|
47,400
|
52,400
|
|
Bills payable
|
40,000
|
68,000
|
Furniture
|
19,400
|
19,400
|
|
Sundry Creditors
|
1,40,000
|
1,22,000
|
Inventory
|
82,600
|
72,400
|
|
Provision for taxation
|
20,000
|
18,000
|
Sundry Debtors
|
1,20,000
|
1,28,000
|
|
|
|
|
Bills Receivable
|
80,000
|
72,100
|
|
|
|
|
Bank
|
50,000
|
48,300
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
8,400
|
11,800
|
|
|
6,52,800
|
6,84,400
|
|
6,52,800
|
6,84,400
|
Answer:
Statement
of changes in working capital from 01.04.2010 to 31.03.2011.
Statement
of Changes
|
Particulars
|
Previous
|
Current
|
Working
capital change
|
|
||||||||
|
|
period
|
period
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
Increase
|
Decrease
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Current
assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Inventory
|
82,600
|
72,400
|
|
10,200
|
|
|||||||
|
Sundry
debtors
|
1,20,000
|
1,28,000
|
8,000
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Bills
receivable
|
80,000
|
72,100
|
|
7,900
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Bank
|
|
50,000
|
48,300
|
|
|
|
1,700
|
|
|
|||
|
Cash
|
|
|
8,400
|
11,800
|
|
3,400
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
3,41,000
|
3,32,600
|
|
11,400
|
19,800
|
|
|
||||
|
Current
liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Bills
payable
|
|
40,000
|
68,000
|
|
|
|
28,000
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Sundry
creditors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
1,40,000
|
1,22,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Provision
for taxation
|
|
|
18,000
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
20,000
|
18,000
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
2,00,000
|
2,08,000
|
|
31,400
|
47,800
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
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PROGRAM - BBA
SEMESTER 4
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BBA 403 - International
marketing
1. Explain the meaning, need and
significance of international marketing.
Definition:
“International marketing is
defined as the
performance of business
activities designed to plan, price, promote and direct the flow of a company’s goods
and services to
customers or users,
in more than
one nation, for a profit”. – Philip
R Cateora
Applying marketing
principles to more
than one country
is referred to as
international marketing. Yet, there can
be a crossover between international marketing, which is a common
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2. Compare Adam Smith and David
Ricardo’s theories of international trade.
Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage
Economist, Adam Smith,
disagreed with the version of
mercantilism. Adam Smith said
that different countries
produce different goods
efficiently. Like England due to
its efficient manufacturing processes, was the world’s most
efficient textile manufacturer.
France has
an efficient wine
industry due to
a combination of
factors like favourable climate,
good soil and accumulated expertise. France
therefore had an absolute
advantage in
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3. Culture is an invisible barrier
to international trade. Discuss.
Culture is an invisible barrier to international trade which is proved as
below :
Barriers to trade are
broadly classified into two categories:
1.
Tariff barrier
2.
Non-tariff barrier.
Cultural barrier
to international trade
falls under the
second category, i.e. non-tariff barrier.
In the last few decades
world has made great strides in dismantling barriers. Trade barriers
of any category
constrain a firm’s
ability to disperse
its productive activities in a satisfactory manner.
Many of the
barriers are deliberately caused either for economic gains or for
promoting local business
houses. Most of
these barriers are
visible or explicit while
the barriers caused
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4. Explain the meaning and need of
secondary research in international marketing.
Meaning
As the name indicates,
secondary data is the data collected by somebody earlier for their use.
Secondary research
is carried out
first. This research
is conducted by collecting data from the following
sources:
a) A
firm’s database covering
its P&L account,
inventory levels, visit reports
from the sales
team and previous
market research reports,
if any.
b) Staff members recruited from competing firms.
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5. What is the mode of entry
adopted by McDonalds? Discuss the various modes of entry in international
business.
Mode of entry by McDonalds
McDonalds adopted
Franchising as mode of entry to international business.
In franchising, a contractual agreement is set up in which an organisation (franchiser) trades
the right to
use its intellectual
property (patents, brand names,
copyrights, company name,
technology, work methods
and trademarks) to another organisation (the franchisee) for a
particular fee. The franchiser assists and/or exercises a significant amount of
control over the way the franchisee functions.
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6. Write short notes on:
a) Modes of transportation in international trade
b) Benefits and risks of Global e marketing
a) Modes of transportation in international trade
Innovations and
improvements in the
types of transportation and infrastructures in
terms of their
capacity have resulted
in a significant increase in of transport
efficiency. Ports are especially
significant in such a
context as they
function as gateways to
international trade via sea routes.Consequently, the
ability to transfer commodities,
parts and finished goods has
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b) Benefits and risks of Global e marketing
Benefits of global e-marketing to companies
Reduction in
costs through automation:
Through the use of
technology, e-marketing has reduced the
cost of the company to reach to the
target segments of the consumer. Global e-marketing enables the companies
to make up for most of the differences
in the country’s costs of production
which, in turn,
encourages
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PROGRAM -
Bachelor of Business Administration
SEMESTER IV
SUBJECT CODE & NAME - BBA404-Small Business
Management
1. Define small business and explain its characteristics. What are the common problems affecting small
businesses?
Definition of small business
In India, small
business is broadly classified into two types on the basis of the nature of
activity – manufacturing or production, and services.
1. Services
It is
further classified based
upon the amount
invested in plant
and machinery or equipment into
micro, small or medium enterprise. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise
Development Act, 2006 (MSMEDA) classifies all small businesses as given below
.In case of enterprises engaged in the
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2. Explain the following
a) Porter’s five forces model.
b) SWOT analysis
a)
Porter’s
five forces model
The essence of strategy
formulation is coping with competition. Competition emerges not
only from rival
players in the
industry but significantly
from other underlying competitive
forces operating in
the particular industry.
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b) SWOT analysis
SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis is
an effective tool
for making internal
assessments. The term SWOT
is an acronym
for the words
Strength Weakness Opportunity and Threats. By doing this
analysis a firm will be able to develop a realistic roadmap for
attaining its objectives,
anticipating the obstacles
that may come in the way.
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3. Explain various sources of Working Capital.
Sources of Working Capital :
There are several ways
to procure working capital. The main sources are:
1. Trade credit.
2. Friends and relatives.
3. Banks.
4. Internal surplus.
5. Money lenders.
6. Factoring.
7. Chit funds.
8. Leasing.
9. Hire purchasing.
1. Trade credit
Normally goods
are not bought
against cash. Generally
suppliers extend credit ranging
from 30 to 90 days for making payment. This is an important source of
working capital finance.
Prompt payment and
healthy financial picture of a
company enhance its creditworthiness. A larger amount of trade
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PROGRAM - BBA
SEMESTER - 4
SUBJECT CODE & NAME BBA405: RETAIL MANAGEMENT
1. Write short notes on the
following:
a) Functions of retailing
b) Retail marketing
a) Functions of retailing
Retailers play
a significant role
as a conduit
between manufacturers,
wholesalers, suppliers and
consumers. The retailers
perform some important functions
to create value
to the product,
the customer and
the manufacturer. They are:
1. Providing an assortment of products and
services.
2. Breaking bulk.
3. Holding inventory.
4. Providing services.
5. Acting as a channel of communication.
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b) Retail marketing
The role
of marketing in
retail organisation is
two-fold—the first role
is informing the consumer that they exist and the second role is enabling it to get
closer to the end consumer.
Retail marketing is
comprised of the
activities related to
selling products directly to
consumers through channels,
such as stores,
malls, kiosks, vending machines
or other fixed locations. The successful implementation of the components of
the traditional marketing mix (product, place, price
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2. Explain the functions of
merchandising manager.
Functions of Merchandising Manager
In order
to understand the
functions of the
merchandising manager, it is
important to know the basic structure of the retail store. If the retail store
has separate departments for
each product line,
each product line
will have a manager.
The appointed manager
is responsible for
all tasks associated with the
department. For example,
there will be
separate managers for electronic
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3. What is meant by retail space
management? Describe the elements of store design?
Retail space management
Retail space
management is critical
to any form
of retail business.
Its relevance emerges from the link between shopping behaviour and
physical environmental factors. For
instance, physical environmental
factors influence the perception of
shopping hours spent
and the evaluation
of merchandise. It therefore
becomes important for
the retailer to
effectively plan and organise
all the aspects
related to retail
space to be
able to optimise scarce resources
and improve profitability.
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